But you may also want to take a high-quality multivitamin as “insurance” against micronutrient inadequacies. The solution can be simple: Eating nutrient-dense, minimally processed foods and beverages that include a variety and balance of fruits, vegetables, grains, and high-quality proteins and fats will most likely provide needed macro and micronutrients. Gut microbiota imbalances likely impede the processes by which we metabolize (make use of) macronutrients digested in the colon as well. īoth macro and micronutrient absorption and use are also impacted by gut health, such as digestive imbalances (low or high stomach acid, bile, and digestive enzymes) and inflammation. Similar to macronutrients, true micronutrient deficiencies are rare in the U.S., but nutrient inadequacies often occur, largely as a result of people following a high-calorie, nutrient-poor diet that lacks fruits, veggies, whole grains, and dairy products (if tolerated). Micronutrients include vitamins (water-soluble and fat-soluble) and minerals (macrominerals and micro or trace minerals), which are needed in much smaller amounts than macronutrients. Instead, calorie excess is common and often leads to excess weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Macronutrient deficiency isn’t much of a problem in the U.S. The macronutrients we need on a daily basis include protein, fat, and carbohydrates. Macronutrients are also the larger nutritional categories we need, while micronutrients are nutrients we need in much smaller quantities. An easy way to differentiate between the two is that macronutrients are required for energy, whereas micronutrients are required for metabolism (processing various substances in the body, such as glucose). To maintain overall health, our bodies need both macronutrients and micronutrients.
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